Using Antarctica as a location for science-fiction

In the conclusion of my Book of the Month review this month, I mentioned how HP Lovecraft pioneered several ideas in his story-telling. One that really struck me was his use of Antarctica as a location for a relict alien presence on Earth. (Please note, spoilers follow.)

Antarctica was still relatively unexplored when Lovecraft was writing his stories in the 1930s. A couple of decades earlier there was the much-publicised race to the South Pole but the rest of the continent was still mysterious and unsurveyed, making it the perfect place to set a story of scientists discovering a former home of the 'Great Old Ones'. 

In his story called At the Mountains of Madness, an Antarctic expedition discovers a range of almost impossibly high mountains that would rival the Himalayas in height. Beyond the mountains is a secluded plateau. On the coastal side of the mountains, some of expedition encounter ancient beings frozen in the ice. They thaw them out and then contact is lost with the explorers. The rest of the expedition arrive and discover carnage and non-human tracks leading over the mountain to the plateau. 

On the plateau they discover the massive ruins of a truly ancient city. The revived aliens they are tracking have gone inside, so they follow them. There are even worse things lurking inside the city, though. And there the story ends with the usual Lovecraft approach of dire warnings not to go exploring in the mountains of madness.

The notes on this story included how devastated Lovecraft felt when his story was rejected by the magazine where he normally submitted stories. He apparently felt this rejection marked the end of his writing career. However, another friend was able to sell the story on his behalf to a new magazine called Astounding Stories. 

And this is where we enter a game of connections. A later editor of Astounding Stories was John W Campbell, who wrote a story that feels inspired by Lovecraft's tale, called Who Goes There? It was published in 1938, seven years after Lovecraft wrote At the Mountains of Madness. I read Campell's story a few years ago in an anthology of science-fiction short novels. 

In Who Goes There?, members of an Antarctic expedition find an alien spaceship buried and frozen in the ice. They retrieve a frozen occupant and proceed to thaw it out. However, the alien turns out to be a shape-changing being that can absorb and replicate other biological life-forms on the research base. This is a similar ability to the entities that Lovecraft calls shoggoths, one of which is implied to be lurking in the foundational depths of the ruined city.

If Campbell's story sounds familiar, it's because it formed the basis for the 1982 film directed by John Carpenter and starring Kurt Russell, called The Thing. The movie is a fairly faithful representation of the novella's story and the basic premise of an alien that absorbs other creatures and then extrudes replicas of them. The Thing is also notable for gory special effects which bring to life the horror element of Campbell's story.  

But The Thing wasn't the first film based on Who Goes There? In 1951 a film called The Thing From Another World was released, based loosely on the story. I haven't seen this, but apparently there were some major divergences from the story. Firstly, it was sent in the Arctic, not the Antarctic. Secondly, the alien wasn't a shape-shifter, but a blood-drinking plant-creature that is the only survivor from a crashed flying saucer. 

This version of Campbell's story seems to have influenced the Doctor Who story, The Seeds of Doom, filmed in 1976. This returns the action to Antarctica, where scientific researchers discover alien seeds buried in the ice that sprout tendrils which attack humans and turn people into plant-creatures called krynoids. In a weird coincidence I watched The Seeds of Doom a few months back as I have been working my through classic Doctor Who on the BBC iPlayer. 

And the story doesn't finish with The Thing. There was a remake released in 2011, and a sequel in the form of a video game in 2002. Meanwhile, the discovery of a prehistoric pyramid in Antarctica is the opening sequence for Alien Versus Predator released in 2004. One aspect of AvP that mirrors At the Mountains of Madness is the interpretation of carved hieroglyphics to explain the history of the pyramid, which is similar to how the explorers of the ruined city learn about its history from large carved wall friezes. 

So, while HP Lovecraft felt that the rejection of his story probably marked the end of his career, he had no way of knowing that he was sparking what would become a long science-fiction tradition of hostile alien beings frozen in the ice of Antarctica. 

Book of the Month: making a foray into the Cthulhu mythos

I have wanted to read some of HP Lovecraft's stories for some time. Last year I noticed several different collections from different publishers appearing on the shelves in TK Maxx. I didn't buy any of them, but I did add this collection to my wish-list and received it as a Christmas present. 

This collection is by Oxford University Press, published in their 'World Classics' series. There are nine stories included along with an introduction and detailed footnotes for each tale. All nine stories have been selected for their connection with the 'Cthulhu mythos', the wider world constructed across multiple stories relating to ancient creatures and races that live in more remote parts of the world. 

The term 'Cthulhu mythos' was coined after Lovecraft's death and takes its name from The Call of Cthulhu, wherein various people around the world dream of a horrific ancient entity called Cthulhu that 'sleeps' at the bottom of the ocean in a drowned city. It is probably the most famous of Lovecraft's creations with role-playing games and other activities drawing on the character.

But Cthulhu isn't the only lurking evil being in these stories, nor is it the most powerful or sinister. In fact, across the stories there are three or four different races, some older than Cthulhu, some at war with Cthulhu's kin. All of them come from other planets, galaxies or even universes, and all are much, much older than the human race. 

The introduction begins with a warning that is contains spoilers, so I skipped it and read the stories first before going back to it. (Does that make it an outroduction?) I didn't look up all the footnotes as I read the stories because doing that was time-consuming. However, I did read many of them and learned plenty of interesting details. 

Two big things about Lovecraft's writing relate to his use of 'sources'. He frequently lists obscure books full or arcane and occult lore, and name-checks those books created by contemporary authors of 'weird fiction' in their stories. At other times his protagonists consult lists of actual, real books, which are usually just a list of key writings that were listed in his encyclopaedia. Meanwhile, some of his stories were inspired by events that were happening at the time - the discovery of Pluto, for example, which becomes a home for one of his alien races.

I found the stories a bit of a mixed bag. They all follow a similar formula, with a build up by the protagonist who tells you that he has witnessed a terrible horror, so terrible he's not sure if he can tell you anything about it, but he may as well tell you because it's so horribly terrible and terribly horrible you won't believe him anyway. Then the story starts and sometimes it rattles along to a conclusion and sometimes it doesn't. The Dunwich Horror has a spectacularly poor non-ending.

But there are a couple of stories that do end well. The Whisperer in Darkness made me go 'ugh' and shudder at the end. The Shadow Over Innsmouth took an unexpected turn and ended in a way I really didn't expect. Shadow also included a tense escape for the protagonist, which was one of the few scenes that properly drew me in to the story. 

Another formulaic aspect is the way characters always seem to luckily find a talkative shop clerk or town drunk, or crazy coot from up in the hills, who will reel off several pages of exposition. Or someone will write a letter outlining several important plot points. Or, in the most contrived sequence, the Great Old Ones themselves will leave behind a series of gigantic wall friezes that provide a full history of their culture and the life-cycle of the abandoned city the characters are exploring. 

Locations vary with action taking place Antarctica and Australia, as well as places Lovecraft knew well on the east coast of the USA. Several stories take place in Massachusetts, with the fictional town of Arkham, loosely based on Salem, featuring prominently. Lovecraft paints Massachusetts as an antiquarian place, steeped in history and secrets. 

Another feature of Lovecraft's stories is his love of adjectives. Almost every description of what the protagonists are discovering is weighed down by adjectives, and he uses the same ones repeatedly. He really loved the word 'Cyclopean' to describe the temples and cities his characters discover; large dressed stones are 'Cyclopean blocks' in every story where there is a ruin. 

While Lovecraft was good at building tension and describing mysterious events with a suitable amount of dread, I've already mentioned how he often failed to stick the landing. Several of his stories end with mere hints of monsters sort of off-screen. In the introduction there is a funny comment by a critic who was very dismissive of Lovecraft's stories, saying that after wading through all the adjectives, you wanted something better than people running away from "an invisible whistling octopus". It's a fair comment and it really made me laugh.

Overall, reading this collection made me realise why HP Lovecraft is considered so important as one of the pioneers of the genre of 'weird fiction'. His Cthulhu mythos has taken on a life of its own, elevating his status as a writer and ensuring he has left a mark on popular culture. It's a huge legacy. Cyclopean, even. 

March mayhem - Blood Bowl match report

So far in 2025, Bryan and I have managed to keep our Blood Bowl schedule going. Tonight I decided my team would be the classic orc team with a borrowed star player, Varag Ghoulchewer, who was on the black orc (blorc) roster last time out.

Bryan was coaching the Lizard-men team again, with a borrowed "big guy", the 'kroxigor' we've nicknamed Roxy.

We kicked off. Halfway through the first half the orcs broke through the lizards' defensive line and scored what would prove to be the decisive touchdown.

Bryan was having a fun time with his injury rolls, racking up significant injuries and killing one of the orc players.

"Dis guy... he ded"

However, Bryan had less luck with his dice rolls when he was trying to pick the ball up, with fumble upon fumble. His team also fluffed their passes. 

At the very end of the game, on my final turn, I had the opportunity to pick up the ball and maybe run in a heroic second down to double the score and provide a thrilling finale. I needed to bash an opponent out of the way but my guy was stronger so I could roll two dice.

I rolled double skulls.

Even if you know nothing about Blood Bowl, you can guess double skulls is bad. It became the final roll of the game and felt just absolutely typical!

Moomin confectionery

Courtesy of "Nordic" week at Lidl (which is far more accurate than Scandinavian week given the Moomins are from Finland!) come these little jelly sweets. My sister excitedly tipped me off about them this morning and so, when I went past Lidl later, I popped in and bought a packet.

They are made by the same company that made the chocolate biscuits I blogged about last year (when apparently it was 'Scandinavian week', not Nordic week). The flag on the back confirms their Finnish origins. 

There are four fruity flavours. Pomegranate is an unusual choice to include. Helpfully the flavours are listed in multiple languages so you can learn the Finnish names for the four fruit too.

And there are five characters to munch on - Moomintroll, Moominpapa, Moominmamma, Sunfkin and Little My. 

The fruit taste is subtle. They don't taste like actual fruit, but they taste more natural than a lot of sweets, and even the orange is very mild.

So, yeah, happy Nordic week everyone!

A capital weekend in Edinburgh

I spent the last week of February working at a conference in Glasgow. When the conference ended and we had packed the stand away I said goodbye to my colleagues and hopped on a train to Edinburgh to see my sister, Sarah, and her husband, Dan, and their three kids Iona, Jura and Finlay. 

Sarah and Dan moved to Edinburgh about 15 years ago and this was the first time I had visited them, which I know is slack of me. However, I was able to get there earlier than planned on the Friday to maximise the amount of time I spent with them.

On the Saturday I came down for breakfast to find the house had been decorated for St David's Day - so that I wouldn't feel homesick! Our main thing for the morning was driving out to the Falkirk Helix to see the giant 'Kelpies' statues. I love large-scale artwork and the Kelpies were magnificent.

We also had ice creams. Dan was the biggest kid, going for blue sherbert on his ice cream. 

After lunch I went with Dan and Finlay to watch a football match. The game was Spartans FC against Bonnyrigg Rose in the Scottish League 2. The ground is about a 15 minute walk from Sarah and Dan's house, so really convenient for us. A friendly steward took a photo of us on the way in. 

Once we had gone in and found some seats, Finlay told me it was his first ever football match. Privately I hoped it wouldn't be a dire nil-nil. In fact, it was a good game with both sides playing attractive passing football. There were four goals, with the Spartans winning 3-1. All 4 goals were crackers. The attendance was given as 701, so I told Finlay he was the 1. He was pleased about that. 

We also had some unexpected sunshine, meaning that weather-wise, the game really was a game of two halves!

In the evening we watched Gladiators together, then played a game after tea called Don't be a Dik Dik. It's an amusing game featuring animals that have rude-sounding names. I think the grown ups spent more time sniggering during it than the kids did.

Sunday morning was bright and sunny again. I went with Sarah to watch Finlay play for his junior rugby team. I met two other Welshies there and I had a little chat in Cymraeg to an expat from Carmarthen.

In the afternoon we went into the city centre and visited the National Museum of Scotland, a hugely impressive building with some great exhibits. I was thrilled to see a selection of the famous Lewis chessmen, and bought a replica knight in the gift shop afterwards. 

From the roof of the national museum there are fab views across the city, including the castle and Arthur's Seat. The views are well worth the wait for the lift. 

Other exhibits included Scottish-built trains and cars, and a huge array of stuffed animals and fossil skeletons. Along with the Tyrannosaurus Rex there was a glyptodont, the fossil ancestor of pangolins.

Later in the evening we had a home visit from a T Rex, which turned out to be Iona in a dino-suit. 

Our evening meal on the Sunday was at an Indian restaurant called Dishoom where I discovered one of the most delicious things I've ever eaten - okra fries. I demolished the bowl before realising I should have taken a picture of it. Never mind, that just means I'll have to go back some time. The hardship!

All too quickly it was Monday morning. I said goodbye to the kids before they went to school. Dan kindly drove me to the airport and I had a hassle-free flight back to Bristol and an easy drive home across the bridge to a more familiar capital. 

A full February with friends

Sunrise on the Clyde

I'm a few days late posting this review of the month, for reasons that will become apparent. It was a very busy month, prepping for a big week away with work. Despite the busyness, I still managed to squeeze in a game of Blood Bowl with Bryan - our third of the year so far! 

I also went to three football matches - two Barry Town games and seeing my friend Ben play for Caldicot away at Treowen Stars. Their ground features an impressive set of steps up from the changing room to the pitch. After slogging my way up the hill to the ground, the steps nearly finished me off!

Ben on the ball

Those three games took me to five games so far in 2025, and here are my season totals at the end of February. Treowen was my ninth new ground of the season.

Staying on the theme of football, I went with my friend Paul to an event called 'Ymlaen', organised by the Football Association of Wales. There were some interesting ideas put forward - about trying to move away from just being about football and being in the 'wellness' space. To that end, the FAW are trying to bring all kinds of football under their umbrella, and have recognised walking football as a particular growth area. 

There were also talks by the Wales women's national team manager, Rhian Wilkinson, and former Wales men's team internationals, Joe Ledley and Danny Gabbidon. 

I was very impressed by Rhian Wilkinson, who I thought was inspiring when talking about the challenges facing Wales this summer in the European Championships. Joe and Danny were funny, and I learned that Shrewsbury Town missed out on signing Danny Gabbidon as a youth because they never followed up on a promised phone call!

This month's Keep Grangetown Tidy litter pick was very well attended. It was hosted by the Salvation Army citadel on the junction of Ferry Road and Corporation Road. It was a sunny day and one of those rare occasions when I turned up on time and made it into the official photo!

On one weekend we were able to coordinate our diaries with our friend Ella and visited her in Oxford for a meal out. It was the first time we had seen her since well before Christmas and great to catch up. 

I was invited to celebrate a milestone for my friend Wendy, at a surprise party to mark her 50th anniversary of being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Wendy has been a persistent advocate for improved care for people living with diabetes and was a key ally when I was working in NHS Wales for the diabetes network. She was presented with a gold medal by Diabetes UK to mark her 50 years. 

I finished the month even further immersed in the diabetes world, as I was the lead for our team's stall at the Diabetes UK Professional Conference (DUKPC), which was held in Glasgow. I have spent most of February focusing on delivering the conference and making sure our team of young people from across the UK were featured as much as possible on the programme. The three days flew past, surrounded by former colleagues and friends from across the UK.

I had an unexpected surprise when I found my name was on a poster in the exhibition.

To make it even better, the poster was awarded second place in its category. I also had a further unexpected shout out from another presenter after helping bring together an advisory group for him. That was a very kind thing to do and I felt mildly embarrassed. 

The conference ended on the very last day of February, but that wasn't the end of my time in Scotland. But more about that in my next blog post!

The dice betrayed us

There's a comic strip I saw where a gamer is explaining all about his different dice. Special dice, collectible dice, rare dice. And then he shows some in a dark and manky box. "And these... these are the dice that betrayed me!"

Bryan and me both had sets of traitorous dice in our Blood Bowl game tonight as roll after roll failed. I had two attempts at dodging and rolled a 1 both times, so the guy trips up and my go was over. Then Bryan rolled double skulls which meant his player lost what should have been an easy block. And so on and so forth. 

In fact, one of my very first dice rolls was also double skulls. For my "star player".

We lost count of the failed attempts to pick up the ball. 

The game ended 0-0. 

We were playing Black Orcs (or 'Blorcs') against Lizard-men again with me taking charge of the Blorcs. Apart from a couple of times when I was able to shove little lizards into the crowd, resulting in their injury, and one roll when I took down the big kroxigor, the dice let me down every time. And Bryan fared no better.

But there was some mayhem along the way.

I've come to the conclusion that in Blood Bowl you aren't playing against your opponent, you're playing against the game itself, which is designed to make you fail heroically (or farcically). Tonight it beat both of us!